Wildlife Odisha

Peculiar behavior of elephants observed in field

2010-11-12T00:49:00.000-08:00

On 20^th October 2010 around 7.30 in the evening 3 elephants broke into a farm house at the outskirt of Kurumtikra village under Redhakhol NAC. The farm is owned by Mr. Ramesh Rai. Rabi pradhan, the caretaker of the farm was there with his family preparing dinner.

As Rabi says, before half an hour he fed the cattle for night. Hearing the breaking of fence of the farm house he used his torch to see that 3 elephants were attacking the bull tied to a stump of the cowshed about 100 meters away from his hut. Seeing the torch they charged him, he fled with his wife and 2 kids to a safer place.

Elephants dragged the bull with the stump (One of the main stump of the cowshed) about 50/60 meters and brutally killed. Surprisingly they did not touch the straw and grain stored there as if the main aim was to kill the bull. The resistant mark of the hoofs of the bull and the dragging mark are clearly visible. Intestines of the bull were spread here and there. After about half an hour of this horrible devastation they left the place.

History

As reported in a daily news paper (Scanned copy attached) similar case happened at Jharapada village near Redhakhol where a bull was killed by an elephant and two others were seriously injured. That time also there were 3 elephants who caused this as per the information gathered from sources.

Personal note

As per my knowledge I never encountered such incident and after visiting the site I was surprised the way they killed the bull. Its really confusing why they are targeting the bulls.

Please help me in understanding the situation and in case such things have happened earlier then what remedial measures have been taken to sort these out.

Paper cutting of the news paper of bull that was killed earlier by the same heard

View of the cow shed from the place where the bull was killed

The bulll that was killed brutally

Devastated cow shed

Rescue of Pinky and Rosy

2010-11-12T00:26:00.000-08:00

Thing started with….

Hearing about the Sloth bear campaign of WTI (Wildlife Trust of India) some of the villagers from Routpada village contacted us on 4^th Jan 2010 that whether we are interested in bear cubs as they were having two cubs with them.

On 5^th Jan 2010 me and Shiva (Field asst.) went to the concern village to find the truth as just visitors. We found only one cub (about 6-7 week old) in the village as the other one is taken by a relative living in nearby village.

We took photographs of the cub for evidence of presence of the species for further proceedings.

Background Story

Few days back a girl (about 12 years old) was attacked when she went to the nearby forest with her friends. Getting angry with this her uncle with some other villagers went in to the forest and shot at the bear. The wounded bear ran away leaving behind two cubs. They brought the cubs to the village and kept them. They are feeding the cubs with buffalo milk.

After knowing about our campaign they contacted us.

Rescue

After collecting proper evidence we approach the forest department Baud district. As the DFO, Phulbani was in charge of Baud the task was assigned to Mr. Vikram Kesharee Pradhan, ACF Purunakatak range, Baud Division. He is a young officer with full of energy. We along with a forester and a guard went to the village to rescue the cubs. Within 4-5 hours the operation was completed peacefully as the villagers were also made aware about the prohibition of keeping a scheduled species. It wasn’t so easy without Mr. Vikram’s help.

After rescue the cubs were kept at Charichak Forest Rest House. A den was built with gunny bags and straw to make them feel comfortable.

Feeding the cubs was handled by me and ACF himself. They were fed 3 times a day with milk and Lactogen as instructed by Dr. Asraf. Steps were taken for maintaining Proper hygiene.

Every day they were brought out for a walk in the morning after feeding to make them fit.

First contact

Getting familiar

After rescue

My babies :) Pinky and Rosy

Pinky and Rosy in their artificial den

Satkosia Gorge sanctuary

2009-03-17T08:17:00.000-07:00

The mighty river Mahanadi, before it emerges into the coastal plains, passes th

rough a narrow gorge with magnificently wooded mountains on either side known as Satkosia Gorge. This is a rare place of beauty where nature is generously bountiful in all its forms of flaura and fauna. Now the sanctuary is also declared as one of the Tiger reserves of Orissa is a paradise of immense scenic charm and rich biodiversity, offering an awe-inspiring encounter with nature. The area spanning 964 sq km with a core zone of 524 sq km was declared as a tiger reserve during 2007. The name ‘Satkosia’ originates from two words; ‘sat’ meaning ‘seven’ and ‘kosh’ meaning ‘two miles’, indicates the length of the gorge as 14 miles or 22 km.
Tikarpara, on the left bank of the Mahanadi, is a village in Purunakot police-station of Angul subdivsion, famed for its natural beauty. It is the gorge where the Mahanadi divides the entire area into two parts which are accessible from two separate districts- Nayagarh and Boudh. On the south of the river is a high range of hills and on the north are the mountainous parts of Athamallik and Angul subdivsions.
At Tikarpara, the view of the surrounding landscape is best enjoyed. The place is ideal for tourists as well as for Nature lovers. Major attraction of the sanctury is the gorge, river Mahanadi, the Gharial Research and Conservation Unit at Tikarapada, hill slopes, various tracking routes and boating. The sunset over the gorge is spectacular and unforgettable. The camp at Tikarpada is erected on the gorge along the pristine sand banks of river Mahanadi and a stay here will be fascinating and unforgettable. This camp has 10 double bedded tents with toilets and water supply. The camp is open from October to April every year. Similarly tented accommodation can also be availed at Purunakote. This camping site is open throughout the year for visitors. The camps are run by local ecotourism groups.
The Satkosia Tiger Reserve experiences three distinct seasons; winter from November to February, followed by summer upto mid of June, thereafter leading to the rainy season upto September. The summer months are hot with day temperatures ranging from 40°-45°C. The best time to visit the Tiger Reserve is from October to February when the temperatures range between 18°-22°C. The night temperature during winter can reach upto 5°C. The average annual rainfall is 1400 mm spread over approximately 100 rainy days.
Ecologically the vegetation of the reserve largely confirm to Northern tropical moist deciduous forests and Moist peninsular low level sal. The main tree species are Sal (Shorea robusta), Asan (Terminalia alata), Siris (Albizzia procera), Piasal (Pterocarpus marsupium), Sisso (Dalbergia sisso), Nuxvomica, Kasi (Bridelia retusa), Mahua (Madhuca indica), Gambhar (Gmelina arborea), Dhaura (Anogeissus latifolia), Siris (Albizia procera), Amla (Emblica officinalis), Tendu (Diospyros melanoxylon), Kurum (Adina cordifolia) , Semul (Bombax seiba), Roulfia etc. Teak plantations can be seen on plain lands and gentle slopes. So far around 400 plant species comprising of 126 trees, 98 shrubs, 125 herbs and 51 climbers have been identified in the reserve. Bamboo breaks consisting of Salia bamboo (Dendrocalamus strictus) forms the under storey in the slopes while Daba bamboo (Bambusa arundinacea) occurs extensively along water courses. Riparian fringing forests are found in small patches along river beds and banks of the streams.
Apart from Tiger which is the flagship species, the reserve has sizable populations of Elephant, Bison, Leopard, Sambar, Spotted deer and Barking deer. The gorge is the natural habitat for the two highly endangered fresh water crocodilians namely the Gharial and Mugger. The reserve also have Chousingha, Mouse deer, Wild pig, Common langur, Porcupine, Hare, Civet cat, Wild dog , Wolf, Hyena etc. There are around 38 species of mammals, 161 species of birds, 27 species of reptiles, 4 species of amphibians and 183 species of fishes recorded in the reserve. As per census 195 elephants, 17 tigers, 30 leopards, 80 muggers and 7 Gharials are in the reserve.
The reserve is a paradise for bird watchers. The avifauna is resident and migratory. The Eurasian Golden Oriole, Common Hill myna, Oriental pied Hornbill, Chestnut headed Bee eater, Purple Sunbird, Black headed munia, White bellied Drongo, Babblers, Wagtails , Scarlet minivet, Indian pipit, Gold fronted chloropsis (leaf bird) , Red jungle fowl, Grey partridge, Changeable hawk eagle, Pea fowl, parakeet, Dove, Pigeons are commonly sighted. The aquatic birds like lapwings, jacana, River tern and Kingfisher are widespread. The migratory birds frequenting the reserve are Indian pitta, Common Sandpiper, Common snipe, common greenshank, Blue tailed bee eater, Common swallow, Rosy sterling, Ashy minivet, Grey backed shrike, Asian Paradise flycatcher, Olive backed sunbird, Yellow wagtail and Bramhiny duck.
The reserve can be accessed from Angul and Nayagarh districts. Angul is located on the NH-42 about 160 km from Bhubaneswar, the state capital. The main entry gate of the tiger reserve is at Pampasar which is 30 km away from Angul while Tikarpada which is the main attraction for tourists interested to see the gorge is 60 km away. Angul is easily accessible by rail. The nearest Airport is Bhubaneswar. The headquarters of the Satkosia Wildlife Division is located at Angul.
One can also approach the reserve from Nayagarh which is 87 km from Bhubaneswar and is the headquarters of Mahanadi Wildlife Division. From Nayagarh the reserve is 60 km, approachable via Chhamundia. The nearest railway station is Khurda Road which is 125 km and the Airport is Bhubaneswar at 145 km from Nayagarh. The reserve can also entered through Charichhaka in Boudh district.
Forest rest houses (FRH) are available at Tikarpada, Purunakote, Labangi, Baghamunda, Raigoda, Tulka, Pampasar, Chhamundia, Kuanria and Kusang. Visitors can make reservations of the FRH through the respective Divisional Forest Officers.

Effect of Urbanisation and Skewed Biodiversity: A Chandaka Perspective

2009-01-28T08:22:00.000-08:00

Chandaka Damapada Sanctuary: 193.39 sq. kms of the Chandaka forest on the outskirts of Bhubaneswar in the Khurda Uplands were designated as an Elephant Reserve in August 1982. The Sanctuary was marked out to check and restore the depleting forest cover which once covered Bhubaneswar. It is home to 30 species of mammals, 27 species of reptiles and 120 species of birds. The forest cover is mostly bamboo with presence of trees like sal in a few places. The sanctuary has 67 elephants (2007 census) in its approximately 200 sq km area.
As per the All Orissa Elephant Census 2007 report, the Chandaka Damapada Sanctuary has:
Total Sanctuary Area: 193.39 sq kms.
Adult Bulls: 09 (8 Tuskers and 1 makhna)
Adult Cows: 22
Sub-Adult Bulls: 05 (5 tuskers and 0 makhna)
Sub-Adult Cows: 15
Juvenile: 02
Calves: 14
Total: 67

Picture: A view of the Ambilo Waterhole inside Chandaka Damapada Sanctuary. One can see the bamboo forests in the background.

Dangers looming the sanctuary:
Urbanisation: Bhubaneswar as a city has seen extremely rapid spatial grown in the past decade with limits coming dangerously close to the sanctuary premises. The city has extended in seven different directions during the last decade by engulfing the fringe villages and protected areas. As a result of which, the land is being taken up rapidly by private owners and various companies for setting up homes and offices. Also one finds mushrooming educational institutions in that area. The government in an attempt to quench the ever growing demand for land has stretched the plot lands to near sanctuary limits. This has led to breaks in the elephant corridor thereby leading to greater elephant human conflicts, especially in the harvesting season. I would like to highlight that the jungle lost a lot of its floral wealth during the 1999 super cyclone and has been struggling ever since. But with the concrete jungles overpowering the natural ones, there is little hope for retaining the habitat of these magnificent creatures. They foray into these human inhabited areas and this is construed by the government as an offensive by the animals. That is plain ignorance and lack of coordination between the government and the forest department.
(Above) A female elephant crossing the road near the Institute of Mathematics and Applications with the Chandaka 6 km milestone in the background. (Below) Proximity of the Institute of Mathematics and Applications to the Forest Boundary.

Various institutes such as ASBM and the Institute of Mathematics and Applications by Tata have come up dangerously close to the forest line. This causes great disturbance to the wildlife due to constant vehicular movement, presence of humans and razing of forests for the purpose of these institutes. Tata, a name known for its CSR and ethical practices, has not brought into consideration the effects of such a venture on the biodiversity of Chandaka. Instead they have been putting pressure on the government to stop elephants from coming into that area. As a result of this the government’s reactive measure was to raise high walls around the forest boundary. Is this even an option? Why was an institute allowed to be built there in the first place? Bharatpur another forest area which earlier used to be connected to Chandaka is now disconnected due to allocation of land for residential purposes. Plots are allocated right to the edge of the forest trenches. Bharatpur still encounters elephants because it used to be a part of their migration corridor. Do you think Mr. “Big Guy in the Government” that making houses in such an area is a good idea? The answer is rhetorical.

Picture: A villager stealing wood from the Bharatpur forest area under the Chandaka Reserve Forest.

Also being close to a highly populated urban conglomerate on the east and cultivated plains on the north and west, the pressure on the sanctuary for biomass needs of the surrounding population is tremendous and on the increase. This has lead to tribals and villagers of nearby villages to foray into the sanctuary premises. The total forest area of the sanctuary (including dense, open and scrub forest) was 90.27 % of the total area, which reduced drastically to 62.72% in 2005.

Skewed Biodiversity: In 1991, 5 leopards were introduced into the sanctuary; however as of today the forest officials claim that there is one leopard. I had a small unofficial talk with a few of the forest guards inside the sanctuary who stated that the leopard has not been sighted in almost a year or so furthering greater fears of a jungle without any primary predators on top of the food chain. The predators on the top include jackals along with a few reports of hyenas. The sanctuary is now full of stray cattle. But strangely enough the deer population has not increased substantially. Could this point at extensive poaching? There is very less sighting of animals inside the sanctuary raising the question on the actual number of animals present. All surveys on this had been done a long time ago and a fresh one is the need of the hour to assess the actual scenario. The sanctuary is greatly neglected even thought the PCCF and DFO’s offices are near and in Bhubaneswar. A possible reason for not conducting fresh surveys is the fact that they know the poaching scenario in the reserve forests and do not want to bring it out in the open. Also the presence of villages near and inside the sanctuary has its impact. Not only do these villages gradually increase their cultivable lands into the sanctuary, but also act as shelters and camps to poachers. The forest department has knowledge of this fact, yet has not taken any concrete measures to curb this. I have personally seen villagers take wood chopped from the forest right in front of the foresters without them even flinching. Is this why the forest guards joined the forest department? A reason for this could be the low pay the guards get (1500 -2400 Rs/Month) so whatever the poachers/villagers bribe acts as a bonus for them.

Forest covers are vital for the health of the city and around. Not only do they have a great positive impact on the climate, but also help in maintaining the water table level. The roots of the trees help in retaining water in the soil thereby keeping the water table at a constant level. Also looking from a Chandaka perspective, it has two perennial water sources at Deras and Kumarkhunti. These two are major water sources which are vital around the city limits. Forests are a great help for rainwater catchment. They facilitate storage of water which can be actually used for various purposes by people. Forests are indispensable assets to humans and should not be taken for granted, especially in a place like Bhubaneswar, which already has a wonderful forest boundary serving its purpose for the betterment of the city climate. But that scenario is fast changing. A large part of the forests were already destroyed during the 1999 super cyclone. After that people and the government have not made any efforts to try and revitalise the forests. I was really disheartened at the standing of this sanctuary, home to a large concentration of pachyderms and other fauna, being destroyed with each minute one way or the other. Whose responsibility is it to make sure that such a valuable treasure of the state does not wither away and die? Is the growth of the city so important that we can afford to sacrifice the forests and wildlife? On one hand we talk of conservation and on the other we are the very people who buy plots of land in those areas. Ask yourself, if there are no forests, will there be a ‘you’ tomorrow? The answer as always is simple yet initiative and implementation of it is the crux of the matter.
Bibhav Behera & Rudra Mahapatra

How long does it take to decompose?

2009-01-16T04:54:00.000-08:00

Helloo friends,
During the course of our visit to different areas, knowingly or unknowingly we harm nature by littering the areas we go for mental peace and to enjoy nature. For an example we go for a picnic to a sanctuary, have fun with loud music (Though we know that loud music is prohibited in sanctuaries), Drink and love to break the bottles on the rocks or throw the cans, cook there and most of the time after having a great lunch we use to leave the plates, disposable glasses and polythene here and there.
It’s not that we don’t have the knowledge of environment pollution but sometimes because of lake of awareness and responsibility we do the harm to Nature.
There is a small list of things with the time it takes to decompose I thought to share with you so that before doing something like this we should think that for how long our act of foolishness will remain on earth.

HOW LONG DOES IT TAKE TO DECOMPOSE
Banana Peel- 3-4 weeks

Orange peels- 6 months
Apple Core- 2 months
Paper Bag- 1 month
Cardboard- 2 months
Milk Cartons- 5 years
Newspaper- 6 weeks
Paper Towel- 2-4 weeks
Cotton Glove- 3 months
Tinned Steel Can- 50 years
Aluminium Can- 200-500 years
Disposable Diapers- 550 years
Plastic Bags- 20-1000 years
Glass- 1-2 million years
Cigarette Butts- 10-12 years
Leather shoes- 25-40 years
Rubber-Boot Sole- 50-80 years
Plastic containers- 50-80 years
Monofilament Fishing Line- 600 years
Foamed Plastic Cups- 50 years
Wool Sock- 1-5 years
Plywood- 1-3 years
Plastic Bottles- 450 years

Hope this will help us to think once at least before we litter.

The unseen battle (Olive ridlies of Orissa)

2009-01-07T06:25:00.000-08:00

Since decades “Olive Ridley” turtles have been visiting the coastline of Orissa to lay their eggs, - an honor bestowed to us by nature but growing industrialization, illegal fishing has resulted in converting our pristine beaches into a deadly battlefield for these poor guests. Hundreds of these turtles are found dead around the coast- once considered a safe haven for their nesting.
Orissa supports the Olive Ridley’s three most important breeding beaches – Gahirmatha in the Bhitarkanika Wildlife Sanctuary, Kendrapada district, the mouth of the river Rushikulya, Ganjam district and the mouth of the river Devi, Puri district which are witness to the arribada year after year. Almost half a million turtles nest here annually, between December and March
From 1975 onwards Gahirmatha has supported the largest reported arribadas which range from a 100 – 700,000 nesting turtles every year. Recent genetic studies suggest that these Olive Ridleys that nest in Orissa and India’s east coast are distinct from other ridleys and could even be the ancestors to populations in other ocean basins.

The beaches of Orissa provide one of the last nesting grounds of the Olive Ridley turtles in the world. Commercial trawling has been shown to disrupt and kill Olive Ridleys in India . The turtles are caught in the trawler's nets being dragged far behind the boats. Unable to surface, the turtles suffocate and drown.

These lightly-built turtles have an average weight just up to 50 kg. They have a high-domed shell, with a carapace length of only 27 inches, usually found in the Indo-Pacific and Atlantic ocean .

Olive Ridleys are omnivorous, feeding on crabs, shrimp, rock lobsters, sea grasses, algae, snails, fish, sessile, pelagic tunocates and small invertebrates. They are sometimes seen feeding on jellyfish in shallow waters. These turtles forage offshore in surface waters and can dive to depths of at least 500 feet.

An Olive Ridley on an average lays 120 to 150 eggs, from which hatchlings emerge after 45 to 50 days. However, many of these eggs are lost due to dogs, jackals, wild boar, eagles or gulls, or are simply washed off. Studies have indicated that only one out of every 1,000 eggs lay ultimately produce an adult Olive Ridley turtle.

Dhamra port Vs. Olive Ridley Conservation

Dhamra port is now being built in proximity to the Gahirmatha Marine Sanctuary. The location of the port also runs contrary to a 2002 directive of the Ministry of Environment, based on the government of India's National Wildlife Action Plan, that a radius of 10 km. from all existing parks and sanctuaries be declared 'eco-sensitive areas' and large-scale industrial development be kept away from these areas. Between 200,000 and 500,000 female turtles nest here every year. The planned port facility will be located just north of the Gahirmatha Marine Sanctuary and less than five kilometres from the boundaries of the Bhitarkanika Wildlife Sanctuary, which have the second largest mangrove forest in India.

The port and its attendant infrastructure, accompanying industrial and residential development, artificial lighting and the shipping traffic it will attract are only some of the problems it poses for the turtles and their hatchlings. A serious threat will also be posed by the amount of dredging required to create and maintain the shipping channels at the necessary depth (over 60 million cu. m. of capital dredging initially and a further 2.2 million cu.m. of maintenance dredging annually). The development of the port will also lead to an industrialisation spree in the area, with the attendant hazards posed by an increased population, lighting, pollution etc. While the Dhamra port site itself is not a nesting ground, the coastal waters are turtle habitat and there are many reports of turtle sightings in the area during the turtle season.

Truth behind Snake charming

2009-01-07T05:27:00.000-08:00

Snake charming is an age old tradition in India. Even India is still known in many foreign countries as a country of snake charmers. Maharajas used to keep snake charmers as it was a quite popular and exciting mean of amusement.

Now also people use to gather around if a snake charmer opens his “Pitara” (Box in which they keep snakes). But the upcoming entertainment means is hampering their livelihood. So they are now involved with trade of wildlife species to meet their livelihood expenses. They are trying to cheat common people by any means so that they get a good income and the myths and misconceptions in our society supplementing them.

The cobra is most popular as a source of public amusement. Snake-charmers use this highly venomous elapid specie to entertain people in a very odd way. Everything is so strange: the snake-charmer sits cross-legged playing his flute and the snake in front of him sways to the sounds in a standing position, ready to bite. But it doesn’t!Actually, standing is natural to a cobra. Most species can rise to approximately one third of their body lengths. Dr. Wolfgang Wuster, a cobra researcher at the University of Whales, says that standing is the natural defensive posture of the cobra. This is a kind of warning signal to the enemies. The scientist explains that a cobra that has been in a basket for a while will rear up its body when the lid is removed. This is a natural response of the startled snake. Also, the cobra may spread a hood, another element of the defensive posture, by spreading its ribs located in the neck under elastic skin. In a “charming” situation, the cobra seems to be hypnotized by the pleasant sounds of the flute. Scientists say that cobras cannot hear the way people do. However, they are very sensitive to vibrations and, perhaps, are able to feel the music. Indeed, the cobra responds to the sight rather than to the sound of the flute. What the snake actually does is matching the movements of the snake charmer. Probably, the strangest thing is how the snake charmer manages to take control of the venomous snake so that it does not inflict a deadly bite. Herpetologists explain this with the fact that cobras are defensive, and not aggressive. “Cobras are generally reluctant to strike, and many specimens will rear up for a considerable period of time when cornered, but will not attempt to strike,” says Wolfgang Wuster. “Second, the flute is a rather hard object, and once the cobra has bitten it a few times, it will probably learn that this is both painful and futile, and desist in future.”

Contrary to how scary it looks, avoiding a cobra’s bite is not too hard to an experienced snake charmer. According to Wolfgang Wuster, the cobra’s striking range cannot reach further than one third of its body length that is the height of the snake when it is standing. So the charmer will know how far from the cobra he should sit. In comparison, the attack of a rattlesnake may be much more dangerous because its range is half its body length. Even if a snake charmer were bitten, the bite would not necessarily cause much damage. While some cobras have venom that is 20 times as powerful as that of a rattlesnake, it is difficult to assess the potency of such venom exactly, since the deadliness of a bite depends on a variety of factors relating both to the victim and to the snake. Fortunately, cobras do not have an appetite for people–we are too large for them to swallow us whole. That is why cobras generally avoid any contact with people and prefer mice, frogs, lizards, small fish, birds and eggs of birds, etc. Often, cobras are the ones who suffer from their seemingly “charmed” life. Of course, there are some people who take care of their snakes. In many cases, however, cobras are treated very badly by snake charmers. Many charmers extract the fangs from the cobras, which is a very dangerous job, because the cobra must be caught–certainly not an occupation for the weak-hearted–and some even sew their mouths shut! What is more, many snake charmers do not feed their snakes, but catch new ones as soon as the old ones die.

"The forest personnel have been taking away snakes from charmers and releasing them in the wild or in Nandankanan Zoo, which has badly hit the livelihood of about 10,000 snake charmers in the state," said Chitta Das, president of the 'Sapua Kela Sangh' or association of snake charmers.

This was published in a popular news paper when snake charmers of Orissa protest against wildlife act that they can’t perform in public.

Snake charmers of Padmakesharpur, a snake charmers village outskirt of Bhubaneswar use to collect snakes from all over orissa. They mostly live a gypsy life so the children won’t get a proper education to adopt into main stream and follow the same tradition. Apart from common snakes like Cobra, Rat snake they also keep endangered species like King cobras, Pythons, Bandaid Krait, Monocled cobra etc. they are also into trade of wildlife species as they are not getting enough income with snake charming.

Actually Livelihood of snake charmers and Life of snakes is a controversial thing. But how can be livelihood dominate life threat of snakes. Snake charmers has to be provided with alternative livelihoods or they has to be engaged in conservation field as rescue personnel which will make the best use of their skills. Irula tribe of Karnataka has really stated a very good example by forming Snake milking society which is not only helping them getting good income but also encouraging others to follow their path.

Snake charming is also getting support with the myths and misconceptions in the society about society. During nag panchami people use to feed snakes with milk which becoming cause of death of lots of snakes because of dycentery.

A combined effort is required from department of Wildlife, NGO’s and Snake charmers to make a solution for it.
Respect Nature, Respect Snakes, Say NO to Snake Charming